Dzhulian Olden Uir

Dzhulian Olden Uir ( 30 avgusta 1852, Uest-Poynt - 8 dekabrya 1919, N'yu-York) - amerikanskiy khudozhnik - impressionist

Dzh.O.Uir rodilsya v sem'ye khudozhnika, professora Voyennoy akademii, Roberta Uoltera Uira. Khudozhnikom byl takzhe yego brat, Dzhon Fergyuson Uir, rukovodivshiy s 1869 po 1913 god Shkoloy izyashchnykh iskusstv Yyel'skogo universiteta. Pervonachal'no oba brata brali uroki risovaniya u svoyego ottsa, zatem Dzhulian postupayet v Natsional'nuyu Akademiyu dizayna v N'yu-Yorke. V 1873-1877 on sovershayet poyezdku v Yevropu, chtoby prodolzhit' khudozhestvennoye obrazovaniye v Parizhe. V 1875 on vpervyye vystavlyayetsya v Parizhskom salone (s kartinoy A Britanny Interior, inspirirovannoy tvorchestvom yego druga, khudozhnika Bast'yen-Lepazha). V etot period Uir ne prinimayet kak zhivopis' impressionistov, tak i svoyego sootechestvennika Uistlera, s kotorym znakomitsya v Londone v 1877 godu.

Osen'yu 1877 goda khudozhnik vozvrashchayetsya v N'yu-York. V tom zhe godu on stanovitsya odnim iz osnovateley Obshchestva amerikanskikh khudozhnikov (Society of American Artists), prezidentom kotorogo stanovitsya v 1882 godu. V 1878 Uir nachinayet prepodavatel'skuyu deyatel'nost', sperva v Kuper Yunion, a zatem - v n'yu-yorkskoy Studencheskoy khudozhestvennoy lige. Sam zhe on zanimayetsya preimushchestvenno portretnoy i zhanrovoy zhivopis'yu, pishet takzhe natyurmorty, izobrazhayushchiye tsvety.

V 1886 godu, pod vliyaniyem rabot Eduarda Mane i uvidennogo na organizovannoy v N'yu-Yorke vystavke frantsuzskikh imsperssionistov, on pishet svoi pervyye impressionistskiye polotna. Eto byli peyzazhi, sozdannyye Uirom v okrestnostyakh yego fermy v Branchville, Konnektikut. V 1887 godu k nemu prisoyedinyayetsya yego drug, khudozhnik Dzhon Genri Tvatchmen. V tom zhe godu Uir nachinayet interesovat'sya graficheskim iskusstvom. V 1888 godu yego kartina Vremya bezdeystviya byla priobretena n'yu-yorkskim muzeyem Metropoliten. V 1889 godu Uir zavoyovyvayet na Vsemirnoy vystavke v Parizhe serebryanuyu medal'. V posleduyushchiye gody khudozhnik razvivayet svoy sobstvennyy khudozhestvennyy stil', vklyuchaya v nego razlichnyye elementy, v tom chisle i iz yaponskoy tsvetnoy grafiki. V 1893 on poluchayet zakaz na monumental'nuyu zhivopis' dlya Vsemirnoy Kolumbovoy vystavki v Chikago.

V kontse XIX veka Uir mnogo delayet dlya populyarizatsii v SSHA sovremennogo yevropeyskogo, v osobennosti frantsuzskogo, iskusstva (naprimer, rabot Gustava Kurbe). Nekotoroye vremya on vozglavlyayet Assotsiatsiyu amerikanskikh khudozhnikov i skul'ptorov. V 1904 Uir udostaivayetsya premii na Vsemirnoy vystavke v Sent-Luise. V 1911 organizuyetsya bol'shaya retrospektivnaya vystavka yego rabot, proshedshaya vo mnogikh gorodakh vostochnogo poberezh'ya i Srednego Zapada SSHA. V 1913 Uir yavlyayetsya odnim iz organizatorov vystavki Ermori shou v N'yu-Yorke, dlya kotoroy peredayot 25 svoikh kartin. Stil', v kotorom on risuyet, do kontsa yego zhizni ostayotsya impressionistskim.

V 1915 godu Dzh.O.Uir stanovitsya prezidentom Natsional'noy Akademii dizayna v N'yu-Yorke.